Uprooting and Stress: Is There a Better Way?

Imagine this with explosive diarrhea

     

Nature's Pain Relief

       Dude. I don’t even know where to start. It has been such a whirlwind and at times it feels as if I am barely hanging on, fingers about to slip into the swirling vortex of stress, anxiety, and, at times, depression. Fun times, right? Let’s not forget about the physical effects of this emotional turmoil, as I live with fibromyalgia and small fiber neuropathy, which can be aggravated by stress. Good thing I am not stressed, right? Oh, and diverticulitis and IBS are also affected by stress, so we’re over here playing naked Twister, trying not to soil ourselves. Great visual, right?            

So, how did we get here? Trees and heat. Seriously. See, I am not a fan of the heat and grew up in the San Francisco Bay Area, where the use of air conditioners was not something that was common, as the fog would often roll in, working as Mother Nature’s air conditioning. I currently live in the desert. Sure, there are some trees, but nothing like I lived among in the Pacific Northwest, where I was living prior to moving to Texas, then New Mexico. Fortunately, I work from home, so as long as I have an internet connection and WiFi, I’m good. Well, my boyfriend has been putting in for jobs with his company in various states, but all of which had cooler weather and either medicinal or recreational marijuana. Those were our main criteria.

Animals are friends for life. Not disposable. Not ours to eat or breed.

            Fast forward a few months and DING-DING-DING, we are bound for Durango, Colorado. Oh, and his supervisor wants him there in about two weeks. TWO WEEKS. TWO. MOTHERFUCKING. WEEKS. Not a problem. Let’s just work on finding a place, packing up all of our belongings, including our dogs, a turtle, and fish (because we are not the kind of people who put dogs up on Craigslist for “free” because they are moving to a new place that doesn’t allow pets), and move to another state in two weeks. Simple, right? Fuck.

            So, in order to ensure that we are not homeless once we arrive in Durango, we took a trip up there. Leaving a little before 5am and getting back after 10pm, it was a long day. But, we met with a realtor who showed us a place that we had been talking with the current tenant and landlord. Everything was going well until Monday morning, today, when I received an email from the current tenant, who stated that the landlord was not satisfied with our background check (namely my credit report), and as such, we would not be considered further for the house that we wanted to rent. Hopes? Dashed to smithereens. My heart sank.

Guaranteed to make you feel sexy as hell

            Perhaps my mood to hearing that we wouldn’t be able to rent the house we looked at was intensified due to an event that occurred earlier in the day. I have been having terrible post nasal drip for the past few months. It got to the point where I physically collapsed several times, hitting my head on a hard surface a few times due to becoming very lightheaded while trying to clear my throat of stuff that can only be described as having the consistency of cold molasses. I finally conceded to go to our local VA health clinic, where they gave me a shot of an anti inflammatory and prescriptions to the EXACT SAME FUCKING THING I HAD BEEN TAKING. Same dose. They then told me to come back into the clinic within the following week if I am not feeling better.

Not so Breaking News

Well, I am not feeling better, so I went back to the VA clinic this morning, prior to hearing the news about the place. Good thing too, as I would have probably been placed on a 5150 hold and unable to do the things I need to do in regards to the move, school, and work. After filling out the triage form, I took a seat and waited to be called back to be seen. That would not happen today, as a nurse (?) called me up to the window and told me that they can’t see me anymore since I had been referred out via the Choice program and had a civilian primary care provider now. Well, I saw that person once, for about five minutes, and she didn’t listen to me at all during that time. I was also told the previous week to return to the clinic location if I wasn’t feeling better. See the frustration?

Not actual house

So, we’re back to square one, looking for a place to live, while residing in a different state, seven hours away. We have expanded our search radius. I didn’t want to, as it snows there and my boyfriend will have to drive in the snow, which is why I wanted to be relatively close to his work, which is in Durango. We will be filling out more applications. One place looks like a murder house, but it’ll do for now, as the owner will be fixing it up more come the warmer months and then put it up for rent for a much higher price I presume.

You can donate by hitting the word PayPal

I am not one to ask for help lightly. I often pride myself on my ability to do things all by myself. However, I am not sure I will be able to maintain my sanity without a little help. I have been diagnosed with a number of chronic pain conditions, which are intensified by stress. I am trying to keep myself together, as the next month will be very stressful. If possible, if you feel so inclined, I have set up a link via PayPal if you would like to help me to maintain some sanity while we go through this stressful time. My boyfriend’s company isn’t providing any relocation assistance, so it’s just us, our savings, and rescues. After we get settled in the new place, wherever that may be, I will be working on my mental and physical health, finishing up my last course towards my MS degree in Clinical Psychology with a specialization in Applied Research, and hopefully able to breathe once again.

Thank you for reading and feel free to share this post with others 😀 

Better Late Than Never? Maybe.

Dude. Where to begin? I know I’m a bit of a flake when it comes to posting regular blogs,

** As evidenced by these two sentences and an incomplete sentence, which I started writing SIX DAYS AGO, I really do suck at being consistent when it comes to writing things that are not for work or school **

*** Here it is, the end of the month. I started writing this blog on the 12th of July. It’s now the 31st. Yet another failed attempt at trying to be consistent. ***

However, is it really a failure if I was able to work on a few things aside from what I was intending to complete? I am currently in my second to last course required for my MS in Clinical Psychology, with an added specialty of Applied Research. It feels like I have been chugging away in grad school for eons. One course after another that has nothing to do with my desired profession. Sometimes it just seems utterly pointless to throw money at a school that I really don’t feel has my best interest in mind. Heck, for crying out loud, I had to bring it to the attention of my previous professor that a fellow student had literally copied and pasted her discussion post directly from Wikipedia. Including the hyperlinks. Seriously. Then I had to remind my professor AGAIN a few weeks later that the same student was plagiarizing. However, I am nearing the end. Only one more course after I finish my current one. But, that begs the question, Then What?

I have a few ideas that I want to pursue. I currently work as a freelance writer, which allows me some flexibility in my schedule. This is how I have been able to walk the dogs for about 90 minutes total each day, which is good not only for them, but for myself too. Not only does walking help to tire out the pups, but walking, in conjunction with other measures, has allowed me to steadily lose weight, with my current loss standing at 91 pounds (41 kg) over the past two years.

As you can see, my days are quite busy. However, upon graduation, I will have a bit more time to explore additional avenues. One such possible venture will be able to be an outlet of sorts, while also using my academic achievements, as well as my personal achievements. Still a bit to figure out, but I will try to be a bit more consistent in sharing with you via my blog. You can also find me on Twitter and Instagram.

Let me know if you have any time management tips that you’d like to share. Also, feel free to share this blog on your social media sites. I’d love to hear from you!

Psychological Disorders: Neural Components of PTSD, Cultural Influence, and Treatment

Abstract

There are a number of psychiatric conditions that can affect the lives of military veterans and active duty members. One such condition is posttraumatic stress disorder, which can be accompanied by symptoms that can make life challenging. However, there are a number of underlying biological and neural causes that may contribute to the development of some of the symptoms. This recognition has helped to shape some of the treatment options and therapeutic interventions that are commonly used to address the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Keywords: PTSD, veterans, neuroscience, mental health

Psychological Disorders: Neural Components of PTSD, Cultural Influence, and Treatment

            The body has a number of reactions to various stimuli, which are designed to alert and warn individuals of potential danger, leading to an increase in the likelihood of survival. However, in some instances, the reaction to these stimuli can lead to the development of various psychiatric conditions. One such reaction occurs to the exposure to one or multiple stressful events, which can trigger the onset of symptoms that are associated with a condition called posttraumatic stress disorder, or PTSD.

It has been shown that up to 15% of military members, both active duty and those who are veterans of the military experience symptoms that are associated with PTSD, with a significant percentage of these military members becoming debilitated and unable to participate fully in life (Dursa, Reinhard, Barth, & Schneiderman, 2014). As such, understanding the various influences on the development of symptoms that are associated with PTSD, along with the level of exposure and knowledge a mental health professional has on the topic of PTSD, can help to provide patients with the highest quality of care to adequately address his or her symptoms.

PTSD and Behavior

            It should be expected that following the exposure to a traumatic event, or even reading or watching media that details traumatic events, could lead to a change in one’s behavior. Traumatic experiences can lead to changes in a number of neural areas that can influence one’s behavior. For example, three of the brain regions that are often cited as being affected by the stress response that often occurs in the wake of a traumatic experience include the amygdala, hippocampus, and the prefrontal cortex (Bremner, 2006). Changes in these brain regions can bring about changes in behavior, including the symptoms that are commonly associated with PTSD such as hyperarousal, nightmares, difficulty in memory and concentration tasks, and a heightened startle response (Bremner, 2006).

Influences on PTSD

            Humans do not exist in a specimen jar, and as such, they are vulnerable to a number of internal and external stimuli and influences that can affect the behavior and experience of symptoms associated with various psychiatric conditions, including PTSD. These influences include structural, anatomical, physiological, and cultural factors. Through providing a foundation for the cultivation of a deeper understanding of the role these influences have on a person experiencing symptoms of PTSD, psychologists, therapists, and other mental health professionals can be prepared to treat patients in the most effective manner.

Structural

            There are a number of neurobiological changes that have been observed in the brains of individuals who have been diagnosed with PTSD. This includes neuroendocrine and neurochemical components (Sherin & Nemeroff, 2011). Changes in the volume of various neural structures, such as the left hippocampal section of the brain as well as gray matter volume have been found to be reduced in the brains of individuals who have been diagnosed with PTSD (Zandieh et al., 2016).

Anatomical

            As mentioned in an earlier section, the hippocampus, amygdala, and cortex are the neuroanatomical areas that are often affected in the wake of a traumatic experience. More specifically, a reduction in the volume of the hippocampus is thought to be responsible for altered stress responses (increased startle response); increased activity within the amygdala can also play a role in hypervigilance and threat appraisal issues (Sherin & Nemeroff, 2011). Additionally, when the cortex is affected, namely reduced volume and activation in the prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and medial prefrontal areas of the brain, can lead to cluttered thinking and fear appraisal (Sherin & Nemeroff, 2011).

Physiological

            The exaggerated startle response is one symptom that is often associated with PTSD and is a topic that has been explored in the body of literature in order to conceptualize this condition. According to a study conducted by Butler et al. (1990), individuals who have been diagnosed with or experience symptoms of PTSD, specifically the increased startle reactivity, can be observed via a lowered startle threshold when stimuli are presented. This may help to explain the ability for certain sounds, such as the backfire of a car and other auditory stimuli, to startle individuals who have been diagnosed with PTSD, while the same sounds do not have the same effect on other individuals who have not developed symptoms of PTSD.

            More recent research has identified the disconnect that is present between physiological state and the psychological and/or behavioral processes that are involved in daily activities. The rapid oscillation between the body’s fight or flight response and dissociation or emotional withdrawal has been found to be an identified risk factor for the development of a number of comorbid disorders (Williamson, Porges, Lamb, & Porges, 2014). Additionally, with the constant back and forth between fight or flight and dissociation can lead to premature aging of the brain, resulting in changes in the immune, autonomic, and endocrine systems of the body (Williamson et al., 2014).

Cultural Factors

            Within the military, it is often thought of as a culture within a culture, as the traditions and regulations or rules that people follow are akin to the traditions and values that are held by various ethnic cultures. However, in this paper, only the ethnic background will be identified as a cultural factor for the sake of time and space. Research that involved veterans from various eras of conflicts has revealed that certain ethnic minority groups were exposed to a greater number of traumatic events when compared to their Caucasian counterparts (Roberts, Gilman, Breslau, Breslau, & Koenen, 2011). Additionally, veterans who fall within an ethnic minority category were found to be more likely to disclose symptoms, but only when they are paired with a counselor or therapist who came from the same ethnic background (Rosenheck, Fontana, & Cottol, 1995).

Influence of Culture and Experience on Mental Health Professionals Conception of PTSD

            Just as with the patients who do not exist in a bubble, free from internal and external influences, the same can be said for the counselors, psychologists, and other mental health professionals who work with diverse patients or client bases. As such, it is imperative that the individuals who are tasked with caring for patients put aside their own personal opinions and beliefs, in favor of evidence-based practices (American Psychological Association, 2016). Additionally, patient input can be beneficial in helping to foster not only a therapeutic relationship that is necessary

Treatments for PTSD

            Providing effective and ethical treatments for patients with PTSD is one of the most important aspects of mental health. The research that has been conducted in regards to the neurobiological changes that occur as a result of experiencing a traumatic event have helped to contribute to the development of a number of treatment options for individuals, military veterans and civilians alike, to regain their quality of life. However, it should be noted that not all patients will respond equally to treatments and a qualified mental health professional should be attuned to his or her patient’s needs and responses to treatment.

Efficacy

            The efficacy of the various types of treatments that have been used in addressing the symptoms of PTSD vary, depending on the type, as well as individual characteristics of the patient. Some research has found that, for example, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) are ineffective for 1:4 to 1:2 patients who receive these types of interventions (Zandieh et al., 2016). However, this efficacy rate can also be influenced through the type and location of any structural changes in the brain. Poor treatment outcomes for patients who received CBT for the treatment of their PTSD symptoms were associated with damage to the ventral anterior cingulate activation response and parts of the amygdala (Bryant et al., 2008); poor treatment outcomes with EMDR treatment were linked to a decrease in gray matter volume (Nardo et al., 2010).

Ethics

            When it comes to treatment for patients with PTSD, there can be ethical issues that should be addressed as they arise. For instance, it is important to make an accurate diagnosis and assessment of the patient in regards to the symptoms present, with treatment focused on the patient and his or her experience of the symptoms associated with PTSD (Cahill & Anderson, 2013). Additionally, it is imperative that the risk for suicide is conducted in order to reduce the access to lethal means, if warranted (Cahill & Anderson, 2013). Healthy therapist boundaries are also important and should be an ethical consideration that psychologists and other mental health professionals are cognizant of when working with any patient, not just those who may have PTSD.